研究称埃及人3500年前开始鱼类养殖

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研究称埃及人3500年前开始鱼类养殖

Egyptians practised fish farming more than 3,500 years ago, the earliest evidence of such activity worldwide according to a study released last Tuesday.

据上周二发表的一项研究称，埃及人早在3500多年前就开始鱼类养殖了，是全世界进行这类活动的最早迹象。

Scientists studied 100 fish teeth found at archaeological sites across modern-day Israel to conclude they had been plucked from a lagoon in Egypt's Sinai thousands of years ago.

科学家们对在现代以色列多个考古地点发现的100颗鱼类牙齿进行了研究，推断这些鱼是几千年前从埃及西奈半岛的一个泻湖里捞上来的。

"The sample of teeth covered a chronological period extending over 10,000 years, from the early Neolithic period through to the early Islamic period," said a statement from Israel's Haifa University, one of the participants in the study.

参与这一研究的以色列海法大学，日前发表一则声明称：“这些牙齿样本的年代范围长达1万多年，从新石器时代早期一直到伊斯兰时代早期。”

Of those samples, some were from about 3,500 years ago.

其中一些样本甚至有约3500年的历史。

Farmers at the time found a lagoon which fish were entering and barricaded it for a few months, Guy Bar-Oz, one of the authors of the report and archaeology professor at the University of Haifa.

该研究报告作者之一、海法大学考古学教授盖伊·巴尔·奥兹称，当时的农民发现了一个泻湖，鱼游进去后在里面被困了几个月。

Afterwards "you can easily harvest them," the academic explained of a method still used in the same Sinai lagoon.

然后“就能很容易地捕获它们了”，这位学者解释了在西奈泻湖仍在沿用的这种方法。

The Haifa academics worked alongside those from German universities in Mainz and Gottingen to deduce their findings from the teeth of gilthead sea bream.

海法大学的学者与来自德国美因茨和格丁根的大学的学者共同进行了这一研究，他们从金头鲷的牙齿推断出了结论。

Through studying the different types of oxygen isotopes in the teeth, scientists deduced that they were "spending at least four months in the closed lagoon".

通过研究牙齿中不同类型的氧同位素，科学家们推断出，这些鱼“在封闭的泻湖里至少待了4个月”。

The majority of the fish found by the researchers came from aquaculture and not local fishing.

研究人员发现的大多数鱼都来自水产养殖而不是从当地钓上来的。

Irit Zohar, from the University of Haifa and co-author of the study, said the size of fish standardised around 3,500 years ago and those imported from Egypt were all "the size of a plate".

研究报告作者之一、海法大学的伊里特·措哈尔称，在3500年前，鱼的大小就已经标准化了，那些从埃及进口的鱼都是“盘子大小”。

"Exactly what we observe of the fish bred in modern aquaculture," she said.

她说：“和我们在现代水产养殖中看到的鱼一样。”

Scientists believe fish farming was practised in China 4,000 years ago, although Bar-Oz said no evidence has yet been produced to prove the theory.

科学家们认为，中国早在4000年前就开始水产养殖了，不过巴尔·奥兹称目前尚没有证据证实这一理论。

霍金遗作发售 担忧出现基因改造'超人'

Stephen Hawking's final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans, it has been revealed.

据披露，斯蒂芬·霍金的最后担忧是：DNA操控将催生一个由超级人类构成的优等种族。

The physicist, who died in March aged 76, thought the development could destroy the rest of humanity.

这位于今年3月逝世、享年76岁的物理学家，认为这种发展可能毁灭其余人类。

His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called "Brief Answers to Big Questions".

新出版的霍金文集《重大问题简答》一书披露了他的最后预言。

He feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children's DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity.

霍金担心，富人在不久之后将能够编辑其子女的DNA，提高记忆力和疾病免疫力等特性。

And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to outlaw the practice.

他表示，即使政治家试图用法律禁止这种做法，这也将对世界其余人群构成危机。

In an extract published by The Sunday Times, he wrote: "I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression."

在《星期日泰晤士报》发表的一篇摘录中，他写道：“我确信在本世纪人们将会发现如何修正智力和本能，比如攻击性。”

"Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. But some people won't be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life."

“反对人类基因工程的法律可能会通过。但有些人无法抗拒改善人类特征的诱惑，比如记忆力大小、抗病性和寿命长短。”

大英博物馆自辩不是每件藏品都是抢来的

The British Museum is launching an initiative intended to counter the perception that its collections derive only from looted treasures.

大英博物馆日前发起了一项活动，试图反驳“其藏品都是来自掠夺的宝物的”这一观点。

The museum has long faced criticism for displaying -- and refusing to return -- looted treasures, including the Parthenon Marbles, Rosetta Stone, and the Gweagal shield.

长期以来，该博物馆一直因展出--并拒绝归还--被掠夺的藏品而饱受外界批评，这些宝物包括帕特农神庙的大理石雕像、罗塞塔石碑和格威格尔盾牌。

Earlier this year, the art historian Alice Procter's Uncomfortable Art Tours around London institutions, including the British Museum, made headlines for their attempts to expose the role of colonialism.

今年年初，艺术史学者埃利斯·普罗克特在伦敦各大公共机构举办了“不安艺术巡回展”，其中就有大英博物馆。该巡回展因力图揭露殖民主义渊源而登上头条。

Dr Sushma Jansari, the curator of the Asian ethnographic and South Asia collections at the British Museum, said she had devised Collected Histories in response to Procter's tours.

大英博物馆亚洲人种志和南亚藏品策展人苏什玛·香萨利称，她策划的“收集历史”讲座活动，正是要回应普罗克特的巡回展。

"There are a lot of partial histories and they tend to focus on the colonial aspect of the collecting so you have a bunch of people who tend to be quite angry and upset," she said.

她表示：“有人倾向于关注藏品收集的殖民时期背景，这样的历史是‘部分的’，因此会有一群非常愤怒和感到不安的人。”

"We're trying to reset the balance a little bit. A lot of our collections are not from a colonial context; not everything here was acquired by Europeans by looting."

“我们试图平衡这一观点。很多藏品不是来自殖民背景，并非一切都是欧洲人通过抢劫获得的。”

Jansari said there was a misguided impression that the British Museum did not know -- or care -- about how artefacts entered its collections, whereas a lot of people were actually researching the provenance of items.

香萨利表示，之前存在着一种误解，即大英博物馆不知道或是不关心文物是怎么来的。但实际上有很多人在研究藏品的出处。